• Adenosine is a ubiquitous homeostatic substance released

  2024-05-31

  

  Adenosine is a ubiquitous homeostatic substance released from most cells, including neurons and glias. Endogenous adenosine acts at four principal G-protein-associated receptor subtypes: A1, A2a, A2b and A3 (Ralevic and Burnstock, 1998). The stimulation of adenosine receptors by extracellular adenos

• Our published data showed that in mouse heart

  2024-05-31

  

  Our published data showed that, in mouse heart, the protein level of WDR1 was highest during the embryonic stage, but became progressively decreased to a constant level from birth to adulthood (Yuan et al., 2014), indicating an important role of WDR1 in embryonic heart development. However, function

• Signaling through Axl can lead to

  2024-05-31

  

  Signaling through Axl can lead to activation of the PI3K/Akt and Ras/MAPK pathways which promote cellular phenotypes (e.g., transformation, migration) consistent with pro-survival and pro-metastatic effects., , Inhibition of Axl activity by a variety of approaches (including pharmacologic, dominant

• Receptors containing an x y subunit interface

  2024-05-30

  

  Receptors containing an αx/γy subunit interface, where x=1, 2, 3, 5 and y=1–3, form a high-affinity binding site for benzodiazepines (Figure 1A), for the later developed Z-drugs of different chemotypes, and for a large number of chemically distinct research compounds 17, 18 (Box 1 for examples). For

• Apoptosis signal regulating kinase ASK also referred to

  2024-05-30

  

  Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1, also referred to as MAP3K5)(Ichijo et al., 1997) participates in many different stress responses, including apoptosis (Chang et al., 1998, Chen et al., 1999, Ichijo et al., 1997, Kanamoto et al., 2000, Noguchi et al., 2008, Saitoh et al., 1998, Tobiume et

• ASK belongs to the family of

  2024-05-30

  

  ASK1 belongs to the family of MAPKKK. ASK1-mediated apoptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases such as I/R injury, infectious diseases and neurodegenerative disorders [33], [34], [35]. ASK1 can be activated through different mechanisms. One mechanism is that oxidative stress direc

• In the pituitary of R quelen

  2024-05-30

  

  In the pituitary of R. quelen mRNA levels of cyp19a1b were found to be higher in males than females, suggesting a sex-specific function, and perhaps a local action to regulate gonadotropins or other pituitary hormone secretion (Olivereau and Callard, 1985; Zhang et al., 2014). Interestingly, the hig

• The accumulation of oxidized low density

  2024-05-30

  

  The accumulation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is one of the many causes of the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis (Virmani et al., 2002; Pirillo et al., 2013; Sun et al., 2016; Huang et al., 2016; Tabas, 2010). oxLDL-induced apoptosis of macrophages contributes to the forma

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion

  2024-05-30

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive and chronic lung disease and its typical features include protein kinase g proliferation, epithelial injury, chronic interstitial inflammation, increased extracellular matrix (ECM) production, and collapse of alve

• In an effort to increase antioxidant properties

  2024-05-30

  

  In an effort to increase antioxidant properties of peptides from WP, Le Maux et al. (2016) altered the hydrolysis conditions (pH, enzyme type, reaction time, and temperature). Hydrolysis of WP (81% protein) test samples with papain (EC 3.4.22.2) at a constant pH of 7.0 gave significantly higher ORAC

• br Acknowledgments br Protein microarrays were developed to

  2024-05-30

  

  Acknowledgments Protein microarrays were developed to provide miniaturized high-throughput tools to study protein function, Brefeldin A and post-translational modifications. Just a few years ago, the seminal work performed in Stuart Schreiber's laboratory at Harvard University () and at Michae

• However from our meta analysis emerge some strategic conside

  2024-05-30

  

  However, from our meta-analysis emerge some strategic considerations for the continued use of antiangiogenic drugs for glioblastoma patients: Conflict of interest Funding Introduction Angiogenesis is a physiological process involving the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing blo

• Numerous epidemiological studies document fewer cardiovascul

  2024-05-30

  

  Numerous epidemiological studies document fewer cardiovascular events and increased survival of non-CKD individuals treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEI/ARBs) [8], [9]. By contrast, there are few studies of cardiovascular benefits of interruption

• Some of previous immunohistochemical studies have compared t

  2024-05-30

  

  Some of previous immunohistochemical studies have compared the levels of AR expression in low-grade versus high-grade and/or non-muscle-invasive versus muscle-invasive tumors. There was a significant or marginal decrease (Boorjian et al., 2004, Miyamoto et al., 2012b, Rau et al., 2011, Shyr et al.,

• According to their structures and substrate specificity MMPs

  2024-05-30

  

  According to their structures and substrate specificity, MMPs are divided into five major groups: collagenases (e.g., MMP1), gelatinases (e.g., MMP2, MMP9), stromelysins (e.g., MMP3, MMP10), matrilysins (e.g., MMP7), and membrane-type MMPs [7]. Among them, MMP1 is a major collagenase that degrades t

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